مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهید صدوقی یزد
سال نوزدهم شماره 6 (پیاپی 83، بهمن و اسفند 1390)

In order to improve caries detection, invasive methods should not be used and caries detector is useful, and antibacterial solutions can be used as well as a biological method for caries detection. Aim of the present study was to differentiate sound dentin from infectious dentin by two coloring solutions: acid red and povidone iodine. In this experimental investigation, 140 carious molar teeth were collected. Teeth were kept in normal saline solution in room temperature and were divided into two groups, A and B (70 samples in each group). Teeth in group A were painted by acid red 1% solution and in group B by povidone iodine 10% and the painted points were recorded. After omission of the painted points, all samples of group A were painted by povidone iodine (group C) and all samples of group B by acid red (group D) and the painted points were recorded again. Data was analyzed using chi-square and Mc-Nemar tests. Diagnostic accuracy of acid red for detection of dental caries was more than povidone iodine and the difference was statistically significant (P< 0.05). It was concluded that the coloring power and accuracy of acid red is more than povidone iodine.

Despite the implementation of DOTS strategy, TB remains one of the ten leading causes of death in developing countries. Compliance with treatment is affected by social, cultural, and economic factors, and patients’ knowledge and attitude as well. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between compliance with treatment and personal, social and therapeutic factors in TB patients in Ahwaz. This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 167 TB patients. Subjects were selected based on target. The data were collected using a questionnaire, and by observation, sputum analysis, and Kvzart Ponce urine test. The validity of the questionnaire was tested by the method of content validity, and its internal consistency and reliability was tested by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analyzed by SpSS. Among all subjects, 52.7% of patients showed complete compliance and 35.2% and 12% of them showed partial and poor compliance, respectively. There was a significant relationship between treatment compliance and gender(p=0.009), quality of monthly income(p=0.007), and addiction(p=0.001). The quality of treatment compliance was not significantly related to age, marital status, educational level, ethnicity, and medical complications. The findings showed that Incomplete treatment of TB is much worse than not treating it, because the lack of precision in the administration and consumption of anti-tuberculosis drugs, leads to the emergence of resistant TB. Paying attention to the factors decreasing treatment compliance and trying to eliminate them may lead to better treatment and lower incidence and prevalence of tuberculosis in the community.

Preterm birth (<37weeks) leads to such adverse perinatal outcomes as neonatal and infant mortality and different diseases. Home-based newborn visit interventions can prevent newborn deaths among high-risk newborns. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of an educational program of home visit on mortality and morbidity of preterm newborns. This is an experimental study conducted on preterm newborns with fetal age of less than 37 weeks. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups of case (30 neonates) and control (30 neonates). Home visit was presented to case group for a period of 6 months after discharging from hospital. Control group received hospital routine cares and referred for visiting. Both groups were followed for a period of 6 months during 2009-2010. Collected data were analyzed using χ² and independent T test. The mortality rate during the first six months of life was not significantly different between two groups (P>0.05). However, the number of subjects needed hospitalization or outpatient visit during first six months of life was significantly lower in case group than control group (P<0.05). The results of this study indicated that carrying out educational program of home visit by health care givers results in reducing number of inpatient cases of neonates during first six months of life. Therefore, it is suggested to appoint home visit as a part of health programs so as to reduce neonate's hospitalization cases and thereby to improve their health.

Nowadays resin cements are commonly used in operative dentistry but the strength of micro- shear bonds of these cements was different in various studies. The aim of this study was to compare the micro-shear bond strength of three resin cements with different mechanisms consisting of maxcem, variolink II and panavia F2.0 to bovine tooth dentin. Thirty nine longitudinal slices of bovine root dentin were prepared. Specimens were randomly divided into three equal groups. In each group one resin cement was used in cylinders with 1×2mm diameters on each slice. After setting of the cement, micro-shear bond strength was evaluated by a micro-tester device with 0.5mm/min cross head speed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey and Bonferroni tests. Micro-shear bond strength of Panavia F2.0, Maxcem and Variolink II was 15.07, 7.33 and 4.97Mpa, respectively. There were significant differences between groups. Micro-shear bond strength of total-Etch resin cements was lower than self-Etch ones.

Nowadays, the consumption of energy drinks has been increased among athletes due to the extensive advertisings of manufacturers about their effects on athlete's performance. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of Redbull energy drink with simple carbohydrate solution on anaerobic power, fatigue index and blood lactate levels in the male students of physical education. Ten male students were randomly selected from 20 volunteer students. Their mean age, height and weight was 21.1±1.8 years, 170.7±7.2 cm and 63.3±5 kg, respectively. All 10 subjects were tested at three stages, first step after the consumption of Redbull energy drink(6 ml/kg body weight), the second step after drinking a carbohydrate solution(6 ml/kg body weight) that was iso-caloric with Redbull, and third step, after drinking placebo. Anaerobic test, including Wingate 30 second test was performed at all three stages(in the same way) 40 minutes after drinks. We used Kolmogorov Smirnov test to evaluate the normality of distribution and dependent t-test to compare the results of the three stages. The results showed that anaerobic power after Redbull consumption was lower than carbohydrate solution or placebo consumption(p=0.005 and p=0.002, respectively). Fatigue index and lactate level after 2 and 6 minutes was not significantly different among three groups(P>0.05). The overall results showed that consumption of Redbull energy drinks not only doesn’t have a positive effect on improvement of anaerobic power and lactate level comparing carbohydrate solution, but also is harmful in these cases.

Nowadays Low birth weight(LBW or birth weight<2500g) is one of the most serious problems among children around the world. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the growth parameters(weight, height, head circumference and BMI) of LBW children at the age of five years with normal birth weight (NBW: birth weight: 2500- 4000 g) children. In a cross-sectional analytic study, growth parameters of five year-old children referred to Azadshahr health care center in Yazd, Iran, from December 2008 to June 2009 were evaluated. NBW and LBW children were selected as control and case groups, respectively. Means of all growth parameters were significantly lower in LBW group. Frequency of severe failure to thrive and short stature was significantly higher in LBW group. Frequency of underweight was higher in LBW group and frequency of obesity was higher in NBW one. Frequency of underweight was higher in LBW girls. Considering that growth in LBW children is slower than NBW children in the first five years of life, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of growth assessment of LBW children for early and timely diagnosis, work-up and management of growth retardation and prevention of subsequent problems.

Type 2 diabetes is a common disease in the world. Exercise has consistently been shown to improve glucose control. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a single-session aerobic and resistance exercise on blood glucose in women with type 2 diabetes.

Twenty four women with type 2 diabetes were voluntarily and randomly selected and divided into aerobic exercise, resistance exercise and control groups. Aerobic exercise(rhythmic exercise) was performed for 40 min at 60% HRmax and resistance exercise(weight lifting) for 40 min utilizing 60% of 1-RM. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise.

Results of paired sample t-test showed a single-session aerobic and resistance exercise significantly decreased blood glucose(p<0.05). ANOVA test found a significant difference in blood glucose among three groups(p<0.05).

A single-session aerobic and resistance exercise could decrease blood glucose in women with type 2 diabetes. However, a single-session aerobic exercise is more effective than resistance exercise on decreasing blood glucose.

Determining virus genotype is a major factor for initiation of treatment because various kinds of genotypes need different antiviral drugs. Distribution of hepatitis C genotype in the word is variable in each country or even in each province. So we need to determine distribution pattern of hepatitis C genotype in our region. This study was performed in referral clinic of Yazd province. This was a descriptive study conducted between 2007 and 2010 on patients who were observed by Yazd referral clinic (the clinic for evaluating and management of patients with high risk behaviors). Ninety two patients who had positive RIBA test for hepatitis C infection were randomly selected and entered the study. Genotyping was performed using RT-PCR method. The primer was "universal primer HCV". Prevalence of various genotypes was analyzed according to gender, addiction and co- existence of HCV-HIV infection. Personal information and laboratory results were analyzed using SPSS. The most common genotype in our study was genotype 3a (65% of cases), followed by 1a (35%). Globally 83% of patients were IV drug addict. Genotype distribution in these patients was similar to others. Fifteen patients had co-infection of HCV-HIV, and 47% of them were contaminated by genotype 1a and 53% with 3a. We could not find any patient contaminated with genotypes 2 or 4. No other genotypes except 1 & 3 or mixed genotype infection could be determined in our patients. Twenty three percent of patients had negative PCR despite positive RIBA test. This indicates that self improvement from acute hepatitis C infection in IV drug addict patients is similar to other people. According to the results of our study, about 2/3 of patients were infected by genotype 3a. This kind of chronic hepatitis C shows a better response to treatment comparing genotype 1a (or 1b) with shorter duration and lower cost drugs. But despite higher incidence of genotype 3a, we can not start chronic hepatitis C therapy without knowing virus genotype. Determination of genotype is mandatory for the initiation of specific antiviral treatment.

Human have always tried to relieve his (her) pain. Pain after surgical operation is one of the problems that surgeons face every day. On the other hand, nowadays, various methods of acupuncture have been investigated for pain relief. Considering few complications of acupuncture and availability of its specialists at the university, we decided to evaluate its therapeutic effect on pain after operation. Patients referred to the urology ward of Imam Reza hospital who required inguinal surgery have been studied. Before surgery, patients were randomly divided into two groups: placebo and true acupuncture. Electroacupuncture was used in this study was. After surgical operation, pain intensity was recorded by an observer blind to the study according to the 10-scale VAS standard. Ninety subjects were investigated in this study. Our findings showed that pain intensity was significantly higher in placebo group (p<0.05). It was observed in this study that 56 subjects (62.2%) required opioid after surgery and 34 ones (37.8%) did not require opioid after surgery and mean requirement of opioid in placebo group was significantly higher than the group underwent acupuncture (p<0.05). Acupuncture in patients who underwent inguinal surgery of reduces opioid requirement for pain relief and the intensity of post-operative pain.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between perceived social support and adherence to medical advices among patients with heart disease after by-pass surgery in Yazd. This study was performed with a survey design and cross- sectional method. Data were collected from 75 patients with coronary heart disease after by-pass surgery in Afshar hospital in Yazd. The instruments of data collection were Perceived Social Support(SSS) and Adherence to Medical Advices Questionnaire. There was a significant correlation between perceived social support(P<0.01), perceived support by significant others(P<0.05), and perceived support by family(P<0.05) and adherence to medical advices among patients with heart disease. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that the social-demographic variables(step 1) explained 9.9% and perceived social support(step2) explained 5.8% of the variance in adherence to medical advices. The results showed that perceived social support variable affects adherence to medical advices. Therefore, to reinforce the adherence to medical advices among patients with coronary heart disease it seems necessary to attend to social support in behavioral interventions.

Suffering from de Quervain's tenosynovitis due to repetitive and routine activities leads to considerable referrals to orthopedic clinics and increasing health care costs and wasting of patient's time. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of local injection of methylprednisolone with and without splint for treatment of patients suffering from de Quervain's tenosynovitis. In a clinical trial study, 72 patients with de Quervain's tenosynovitis were selected in 2010 and were randomly divided into two groups. Therapeutic intervention in the first group was injection of 40 mg methylprednisone and 1 ml lidocaine with splint, and in the second group it was injection 40 mg methylprednisone and 1ml lidocaine without splint. Both groups followed this treatment for three periods(21 day). The related data were collected by visual analogue scale. Then data was analyzed by SPSS (ver. 16) using Fisher exact test and t test. The findings of this study revealed that after the 3-week period of treatment the mean reduced pain intensity and improvement in the first group was significantly lower than the second group(p<0/05). Therefore, local injection of methylprednisone and lidocaine with splint is an effective method in the treatment of de Quervain's tenosynovitis.

Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness. It is estimated that more than 60 million people suffer from this disease of all over the world. In other hand helicobacter pylori is a gram negative bacillus that is reported in some extra-gastrointestinal system diseases recently. This study is designed to determine the association between helicobacter pylori infection and intra-ocular pressure. This was an analytical cross-sectional study that was conducted on 74 persons who were randomly selected after referring to endoscopy ward of Shohadaye Kargar hospital of Yazd in 2009. Data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U and fisher exact tests using SPSS software (ver16). Mean of intra-ocular pressure in positive helicobacter pylori group was more than negative helicobacter pylori group but there was no significant relationship (P value > 0.05), also there was no significant relationship between helicobacter pylori infection and diabetes, hypertension, hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism (P value > 0.05). According to the results, more detailed studies with larger sample size are required for more reliable decisions also considering the confounder variables can help us to determine the common risk factors of these two outcomes.

In traditional medicine, saffron is used as a drug for treating many diseases. However there are many documents and evidences concerning its abortive and teratogenic effect especially in high doses. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of saffron decoction consumption on pregnant mice and their offspring. In this study, 20 female mice after breeding and observation of vaginal plaque, randomly and equally divided into two groups. During pregnancy, animals were housed under the same environmental and nutritional condition while the test group received 0.5% saffron decoction as their drinks instead of tape water for control group. The pregnant mice were weighted during pregnancy and after delivery. Following the parturition, the number of live kids, their weight and sex and any pretended obvious abnormality were assigned. The duration of pregnancy period and the number of live kids in test group were significantly less than control group while the mean infant’s weight in test group was more than control group. There was obvious one-eye blindness in 4 kids from saffron consumed group. In the case of mother's weight and sex ratio of live kids there was no significant difference between the two groups. This study indicated that saffron has a specific teratogenic effect on visual system and causes preterm labor and reduces the number of live infants which may be due to its abortive effect.

Relapsing polychondritis is a rare autoimmune disorder which is associated with inflammation of the auricular and costochondral cartilages and may involve ocular tissue and laryngotracheobronchial tree in some occasions. This inflammatory destructive disease can potentially disrupt the structure, function and integration of cartilages. The common age of involvement is 40 to 60 years and it is similar in both genders. Case report: The patient was a 65 year-old woman referred to the cardiovascular center, with chief complaint of sudden severe chest pain. She was hospitalized with the diagnosis of unstable angina but all of the cardiovascular investigations were normal. After a few days, she developed headache, fever, nasal congestion and redness. Computed tomography scan was done with the probability of sinus involvement but it was normal. At the same time, she developed cartilage involvement as a redness and auricular pain (sparing the lobule). Subsequently her hearing progressively diminished. She was hospitalized in the rheumatology ward and treated as a polychondritis.